Privacy Statement
TL;DR
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We perform different measures to avoid loosing datasets,
for example:
- We protect the dataset from unauthorised access in accordance with the current state of the art.
- We perform encrypted backups of the collected datasets on a regular basis
- According to the DFG's guidelines for safeguarding good scientific practice, we must store the data for 10 years.
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We collect the following types of information:
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General System Information (hardware components
used in the system, CPU model, DIMM vendors,
etc.)
- How does the number of bit flips depend on specific system properties, e.g., DIMM vendor, manufacturing date, etc.
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Information that enable fingerprinting of the
system and bit flip locations
- Several works claim that bit flips can be used to fingerprint systems, but tested this on a very small number of systems. Is fingerprinting still possible with hundrets or thousands of systems?
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General System Information (hardware components
used in the system, CPU model, DIMM vendors,
etc.)
Why do we need these Information?
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We collect general system information for correlation
analysis
- How is the number of bit flips found by specific tools related to e.g., DRAM vendors, production years, DRAM types, Multi-Channel, CPU, etc.
- How good works addressing function measurement using different tools on different hardware, e.g., number of DIMMs, CPU, cache sizes, etc.
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We collect information that enable fingerprinting and
the location of bit flips
- There are multiple papers claiming that Rowhammer can be used as physical uncloneable function (PUF) or for Fingerprinting.
- Typically, the same size is very small (e.g., it is possible to fingerprint 8 devices)
- We want to verify these approaches on bigger scale: Is is also possible to fingerprint a couple of hundred devices?
Detailed List of Information we collect
We collect the following types of information:
- General execution information: Which tools were executed, How long did they run, etc.
- System information that enable fingerprinting: Serial number, etc. of hardware components)
- System information that do not enable fingerprinting: Vendor, product name, etc. of hardware components
- System information that were measured: Linear DRAM addressing functions, refresh rate, etc.
- Logs for debugging and classification of data sets: Did the tool crash or just not find anything, etc.
- Logs of Bit Flip locations: Physical addresses of victim rows, aggressor rows, timestamp the bit flip occurred, etc.
System Information
In detail, we collect the information shown below regarding the system itself. For each type of information, we list some examples and provide the commands we use to collect the information as well as the output of these commands on one of our lab systems.
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DIMM information based on SPD records of DIMMs:
Layout, Timings, Serial Numbers, etc.
Output of
decode-dimmson our lab system# decode-dimms version 4.4 Memory Serial Presence Detect Decoder By Philip Edelbrock, Christian Zuckschwerdt, Burkart Lingner, Jean Delvare, Trent Piepho and others Decoding EEPROM: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/ee1004/10-0050 Guessing DIMM is in bank 1 Kernel driver used ee1004 ---=== SPD EEPROM Information ===--- EEPROM CRC of bytes 0-125 OK (0xBD97) # of bytes written to SDRAM EEPROM 384 Total number of bytes in EEPROM 512 Fundamental Memory type DDR4 SDRAM SPD Revision 1.1 Module Type UDIMM EEPROM CRC of bytes 128-253 OK (0x53D8) ---=== Memory Characteristics ===--- Maximum module speed 2400 MT/s (PC4-19200) Size 8192 MB Banks x Rows x Columns x Bits 16 x 16 x 10 x 64 SDRAM Device Width 8 bits Ranks 1 Primary Bus Width 64 bits AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) 17-17-17-39 Supported CAS Latencies 18T, 17T, 16T, 15T, 14T, 13T, 12T, 11T, 10T ---=== Timings at Standard Speeds ===--- AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-2400 17-17-17-39 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-2133 15-15-15-35 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-1866 13-13-13-30 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-1600 11-11-11-26 ---=== Timing Parameters ===--- Minimum Cycle Time (tCKmin) 0.833 ns Maximum Cycle Time (tCKmax) 1.600 ns Minimum CAS Latency Time (tAA) 13.750 ns Minimum RAS to CAS Delay (tRCD) 13.750 ns Minimum Row Precharge Delay (tRP) 13.750 ns Minimum Active to Precharge Delay (tRAS) 32.000 ns Minimum Active to Auto-Refresh Delay (tRC) 45.750 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC1) 350.000 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC2) 260.000 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC4) 160.000 ns Minimum Four Activate Window Delay (tFAW) 21.000 ns Minimum Row Active to Row Active Delay (tRRD_S) 3.300 ns Minimum Row Active to Row Active Delay (tRRD_L) 4.900 ns Minimum CAS to CAS Delay (tCCD_L) 5.000 ns Minimum Write Recovery Time (tWR) 15.000 ns Minimum Write to Read Time (tWTR_S) 2.500 ns Minimum Write to Read Time (tWTR_L) 7.500 ns ---=== Other Information ===--- Package Type Monolithic Maximum Activate Count (MAC) Unlimited Post Package Repair One row per bank group Soft PPR Supported Module Nominal Voltage 1.2 V Thermal Sensor No ---=== Physical Characteristics ===--- Module Height 32 mm Module Thickness 2 mm front, 1 mm back Module Reference Card A revision 2 ---=== Manufacturer Data ===--- Module Manufacturer Kingston DRAM Manufacturer Samsung Manufacturing Location Code 0x07 Manufacturing Date 2021-W39 Assembly Serial Number 0xB4FCC119 Part Number KF3200C16D4/8GX Decoding EEPROM: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/ee1004/10-0052 Guessing DIMM is in bank 3 Kernel driver used ee1004 ---=== SPD EEPROM Information ===--- EEPROM CRC of bytes 0-125 OK (0xBD97) # of bytes written to SDRAM EEPROM 384 Total number of bytes in EEPROM 512 Fundamental Memory type DDR4 SDRAM SPD Revision 1.1 Module Type UDIMM EEPROM CRC of bytes 128-253 OK (0xAB72) ---=== Memory Characteristics ===--- Maximum module speed 2400 MT/s (PC4-19200) Size 8192 MB Banks x Rows x Columns x Bits 16 x 16 x 10 x 64 SDRAM Device Width 8 bits Ranks 1 Primary Bus Width 64 bits AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) 17-17-17-39 Supported CAS Latencies 18T, 17T, 16T, 15T, 14T, 13T, 12T, 11T, 10T ---=== Timings at Standard Speeds ===--- AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-2400 17-17-17-39 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-2133 15-15-15-35 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-1866 13-13-13-30 AA-RCD-RP-RAS (cycles) as DDR4-1600 11-11-11-26 ---=== Timing Parameters ===--- Minimum Cycle Time (tCKmin) 0.833 ns Maximum Cycle Time (tCKmax) 1.600 ns Minimum CAS Latency Time (tAA) 13.750 ns Minimum RAS to CAS Delay (tRCD) 13.750 ns Minimum Row Precharge Delay (tRP) 13.750 ns Minimum Active to Precharge Delay (tRAS) 32.000 ns Minimum Active to Auto-Refresh Delay (tRC) 45.750 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC1) 350.000 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC2) 260.000 ns Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC4) 160.000 ns Minimum Four Activate Window Delay (tFAW) 21.000 ns Minimum Row Active to Row Active Delay (tRRD_S) 3.300 ns Minimum Row Active to Row Active Delay (tRRD_L) 4.900 ns Minimum CAS to CAS Delay (tCCD_L) 5.000 ns Minimum Write Recovery Time (tWR) 15.000 ns Minimum Write to Read Time (tWTR_S) 2.500 ns Minimum Write to Read Time (tWTR_L) 7.500 ns ---=== Other Information ===--- Package Type Monolithic Maximum Activate Count (MAC) Unlimited Post Package Repair One row per bank group Soft PPR Supported Module Nominal Voltage 1.2 V Thermal Sensor No ---=== Physical Characteristics ===--- Module Height 32 mm Module Thickness 2 mm front, 1 mm back Module Reference Card A revision 3 ---=== Manufacturer Data ===--- Module Manufacturer Kingston DRAM Manufacturer Samsung Manufacturing Location Code 0x01 Manufacturing Date 2021-W37 Assembly Serial Number 0x03A21D04 Part Number KF3200C16D4/8GX Number of SDRAM DIMMs detected and decoded: 2Output of
dmidecode --type memoryon our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0006, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 64 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x000C, DMI type 17, 92 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0006 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 8 GB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: Controller0-ChannelA Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: DDR4 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 2400 MT/s Manufacturer: Kingston Serial Number: B4FCC119 Asset Tag: 9876543210 Part Number: KF3200C16D4/8GX Rank: 1 Configured Memory Speed: 2400 MT/s Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V Configured Voltage: 1.2 V Memory Technology: DRAM Memory Operating Mode Capability: Volatile memory Firmware Version: Not Specified Module Manufacturer ID: Bank 2, Hex 0x98 Module Product ID: Unknown Memory Subsystem Controller Manufacturer ID: Unknown Memory Subsystem Controller Product ID: Unknown Non-Volatile Size: None Volatile Size: 8 GB Cache Size: None Logical Size: None Handle 0x000D, DMI type 17, 92 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0006 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: Unknown Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Unknown Set: None Locator: Controller0-ChannelA-DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None Handle 0x000E, DMI type 17, 92 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0006 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 8 GB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: Controller0-ChannelB Bank Locator: BANK 1 Type: DDR4 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 2400 MT/s Manufacturer: Kingston Serial Number: 03A21D04 Asset Tag: 9876543210 Part Number: KF3200C16D4/8GX Rank: 1 Configured Memory Speed: 2400 MT/s Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V Configured Voltage: 1.2 V Memory Technology: DRAM Memory Operating Mode Capability: Volatile memory Firmware Version: Not Specified Module Manufacturer ID: Bank 2, Hex 0x98 Module Product ID: Unknown Memory Subsystem Controller Manufacturer ID: Unknown Memory Subsystem Controller Product ID: Unknown Non-Volatile Size: None Volatile Size: 8 GB Cache Size: None Logical Size: None Handle 0x000F, DMI type 17, 92 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0006 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: Unknown Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Unknown Set: None Locator: Controller0-ChannelB-DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK 1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None -
Information about the Mainboard Manufacturer,
Model, Version, Serial Number, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type baseboardon our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: BIOSTAR Group Product Name: H510MH/E 2.0 Version: Serial Number: None Asset Tag: None Features: Board is a hosting board Board is replaceable Location In Chassis: None Chassis Handle: 0x0003 Type: Motherboard Contained Object Handles: 0 Handle 0x001C, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:00.0 Handle 0x001D, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 2 Bus Address: 0000:00:14.0 Handle 0x001E, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 3 Bus Address: 0000:00:14.2 Handle 0x001F, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 4 Bus Address: 0000:00:15.0 Handle 0x0020, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 5 Bus Address: 0000:00:15.1 Handle 0x0021, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 6 Bus Address: 0000:00:15.2 Handle 0x0022, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 7 Bus Address: 0000:00:15.3 Handle 0x0023, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 8 Bus Address: 0000:00:16.0 Handle 0x0024, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - SATA Type: SATA Controller Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:17.0 Handle 0x0025, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 9 Bus Address: 0000:00:1f.0 Handle 0x0026, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Sound Type: Sound Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:1f.3 Handle 0x0027, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 10 Bus Address: 0000:00:1f.4 Handle 0x0028, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Other Type: Other Status: Enabled Type Instance: 11 Bus Address: 0000:00:1f.5 Handle 0x0029, DMI type 41, 11 bytes Onboard Device Reference Designation: Onboard - Ethernet Type: Ethernet Status: Enabled Type Instance: 1 Bus Address: 0000:00:1f.6 -
Information about the BIOS: Vendor, Version, ROM
Size, Firmware Revision, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type bioson our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends International, LLC. Version: 5.19 Release Date: 02/24/2021 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 16 MB Characteristics: PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported Japanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h) Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h) 5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 5.19 Handle 0x002C, DMI type 13, 22 bytes BIOS Language Information Language Description Format: Long Installable Languages: 2 en|US|iso8859-1 zh|CN|unicode Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1 -
Information about the System: Manufacturer,
Version, Serial Number, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type systemon our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: BIOSTAR Group Product Name: H510MH/E 2.0 Version: Serial Number: None UUID: 03000200-0400-0500-0006-000700080009 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: None Family: None Handle 0x002B, DMI type 32, 11 bytes System Boot Information Status: No errors detected -
Information about the Chassis: Manufacturer,
Type, Serial Number, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type chassison our lab systemSMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 22 bytes Chassis Information Manufacturer: BIOSTAR Group Type: Desktop Lock: Not Present Version: Default string Serial Number: Default string Asset Tag: Default string Boot-up State: Safe Power Supply State: Safe Thermal State: Safe Security Status: None OEM Information: 0x00000000 Height: Unspecified Number Of Power Cords: 1 Contained Elements: 0 SKU Number: Default string -
Information about the CPU: Manufacturer, Model,
Flags, Characteristics, Microcode, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type processoron our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x001A, DMI type 4, 48 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: U3E1 Type: Central Processor Family: Core i9 Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation ID: 55 06 0A 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 165, Stepping 5 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store) ACPI (ACPI supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop) HTT (Multi-threading) TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled) Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10900K CPU @ 3.70GHz Voltage: 1.0 V External Clock: 100 MHz Max Speed: 5300 MHz Current Speed: 3700 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Other L1 Cache Handle: 0x0017 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0018 L3 Cache Handle: 0x0019 Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Core Count: 10 Core Enabled: 10 Thread Count: 20 Characteristics: 64-bit capable Multi-Core Hardware Thread Execute Protection Enhanced Virtualization Power/Performance ControlOutput of
lscpuon our lab systemArchitecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 20 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-19 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel BIOS Vendor ID: Intel(R) Corporation Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10900K CPU @ 3.70GHz BIOS Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10900K CPU @ 3.70GHz To Be Filled By O.E.M. CPU @ 3.7GHz BIOS CPU family: 207 CPU family: 6 Model: 165 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 10 Socket(s): 1 Stepping: 5 CPU(s) scaling MHz: 16% CPU max MHz: 5300.0000 CPU min MHz: 800.0000 BogoMIPS: 7402.02 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline _timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bm i2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp vnmi pku ospke md_clear flush_l1d arch _capabilities Virtualization features: Virtualization: VT-x Caches (sum of all): L1d: 320 KiB (10 instances) L1i: 320 KiB (10 instances) L2: 2.5 MiB (10 instances) L3: 20 MiB (1 instance) NUMA: NUMA node(s): 1 NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-19 Vulnerabilities: Gather data sampling: Mitigation; Microcode Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled L1tf: Not affected Mds: Not affected Meltdown: Not affected Mmio stale data: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable Reg file data sampling: Not affected Retbleed: Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS Spec rstack overflow: Not affected Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB conditional; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence; BHI SW loop, KVM SW loop Srbds: Mitigation; Microcode Tsx async abort: Not affectedOutput of
dmesg | grep "microcode"on our lab system[ 0.439621] microcode: Current revision: 0x000000fc [ 0.439622] microcode: Updated early from: 0x000000e2 [ 0.439642] mce: [Hardware Error]: PROCESSOR 0:a0655 TIME 1733400380 SOCKET 0 APIC 0 microcode fc -
Information about the Cache: Size, Cache Levels,
Type, Associativity, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type cacheon our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x0017, DMI type 7, 27 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L1 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 640 kB Maximum Size: 640 kB Supported SRAM Types: Synchronous Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Parity System Type: Other Associativity: 8-way Set-associative Handle 0x0018, DMI type 7, 27 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L2 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 2560 kB Maximum Size: 2560 kB Supported SRAM Types: Synchronous Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Unified Associativity: 4-way Set-associative Handle 0x0019, DMI type 7, 27 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L3 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 20 MB Maximum Size: 20 MB Supported SRAM Types: Synchronous Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC System Type: Unified Associativity: 16-way Set-associative -
Information about peripheral connectors: USB,
HDMI, Headphone/Microphone Jack, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type connectoron our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present. Handle 0x002D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: Keyboard External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Keyboard Port Handle 0x002E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: Mouse External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Mouse Port Handle 0x002F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: COM 1 External Connector Type: None Port Type: Serial Port 16550A Compatible Handle 0x0030, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1A2B Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: Video External Connector Type: DB-15 female Port Type: Video Port Handle 0x0031, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J3A2 Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: HDMI External Connector Type: None Port Type: Video Port Handle 0x0032, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1.1 - 1# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0033, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1.1 - 2# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0034, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1.1 - 3# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0035, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1.1 - 4# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0036, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB1.1 - 5# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0037, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB2.0 - 1# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0038, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: USB2.0 - 2# External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB Handle 0x0039, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: None Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: Ethernet External Connector Type: RJ-45 Port Type: Network Port Handle 0x003A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8J1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: SATA Port 0 Direct Connect External Connector Type: SAS/SATA Plug Receptacle Port Type: SATA Handle 0x003B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J7J1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: eSATA Port 4 External Connector Type: SAS/SATA Plug Receptacle Port Type: SATA Handle 0x003C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J6J1 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: eSATA Port 3 External Connector Type: SAS/SATA Plug Receptacle Port Type: SATA Handle 0x003D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J7G1 - SATA Port 2 Internal Connector Type: SAS/SATA Plug Receptacle External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: SATA Handle 0x003E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J7G2 - SATA Port 1 Internal Connector Type: SAS/SATA Plug Receptacle External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: SATA Handle 0x003F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1F2 Internal Connector Type: None External Reference Designator: AC IN External Connector Type: Other Port Type: Other Handle 0x0040, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J5B1 - PCH JTAG Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0041, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9A1 - TPM/PORT 80 Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0042, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E4 - HDA 2X8 Header Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0043, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E7 - HDA 8Pin Header Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0044, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8F1 - HDA HDMI Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0045, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E3 - Scan Matrix Keyboard Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0046, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8E1 - SPI Program Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0047, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9E5 - LPC Hot Docking Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0048, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J9G2 - LPC SIDE BAND Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0049, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8F2 - LPC Slot Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J8H3 - PCH XDP Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J6H1 - SATA Power Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J5J1 - FP Header Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J4H1 - ATX Power Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1J3 - AVMC Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x004F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1H1 - BATT B Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0050, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1H2 - BATT A Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0051, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J2G1 - CPU Fan Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0052, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J1D3 - XDP Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0053, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J4V1 - Memory Slot 1 Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0054, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J4V2 - Memory Slot 2 Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other Handle 0x0055, DMI type 8, 9 bytes Port Connector Information Internal Reference Designator: J4C1 - FAN PWR Internal Connector Type: Other External Reference Designator: None External Connector Type: None Port Type: Other -
Information about peripheral slots: SIM Card
slots, etc.
Output of
dmidecode --type sloton our lab system# dmidecode 3.6 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
Build Output of the Tools
- AMDRE
- Blacksmith
- Dare
- Drama
- Drama-Verify
- DRAMDig
- FlipFloyd
- TRRespass
- HammerTool
- MeasureRefreshRate
- RowhammerJs
- Rowhammer-Test
- RowPress
General System Information
-
Measured Refresh Rate of the System
Output of
measureRefreshRateon our lab systemMeasured a timing of 7.82us. Estimated refresh interval per row: 64.06ms
Addressing Function Measurement
-
Measured DRAM Addressing Functions on the system
Output of the measurement tools (for example
AMDRE) on our lab systemAMDRE 2024-12-17 17:31:22: Measured theshold: 650 AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:31:22: Filling initial bank groups... AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:31:26: Regrouping bank groups until they look plausible (number of banks should be a power of 2)... AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:08: Assuming 32 banks. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:08: Detecting block size... AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:13: Assuming a block size of 4096 bytes AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:13: Additional addresses were added to groups. A total of 0 pages with 0 errors. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:13: Calculating address functions. This may take a while. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Found 5 address functions. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address Function: 0x4000 seems to be valid. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address Function: 0x1b000 seems to be valid. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address Function: 0x48000 seems to be valid. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address Function: 0x8b000 seems to be valid. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address Function: 0x120000 seems to be valid. AMDRE 2024-12-17 17:32:19: Address functions calculated successfully.
Addressing Function Verification
-
Results of the Addressing Function Verification
Output of
Drama-Verifyon our lab systemDrama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:24: Measuring threshold... Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:34: Measured theshold: 630 Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:34: Allocating memory... Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:34: Performing Drama Side Channel on addressing functions... Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:45: Setting base value to: 21.46%. Drama-Verify: ERROR 2024-12-17 17:34:50: Function 0x4000 has a difference of 10.44% ( 21.17%) from the expected value ( 10.73%) and is very likely incorrect. Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:34:56: Function 0x1b000 has a difference of 0.05% ( 10.78%) from the expected value ( 10.73%) and seems to be correct. Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:35:02: Function 0x48000 has a difference of 0.31% ( 10.42%) from the expected value ( 10.73%) and seems to be correct. Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:35:07: Function 0x8b000 has a difference of 0.04% ( 10.69%) from the expected value ( 10.73%) and seems to be correct. Drama-Verify 2024-12-17 17:35:13: Function 0x120000 has a difference of 0.20% ( 10.53%) from the expected value ( 10.73%) and seems to be correct.
Rowhammer Tools Output
- Blacksmith
- FlipFloyd
- TRRespass
- HammerTool
- RowhammerJs
- Rowhammer-Test
- RowPress
Questions?
If you have questions, please write us an e-mail (flippy underscore ram at hof minus university dotde) .